Global Positioning System
GPS equipment is capable of measuring a position to within centimeters but the accuracy suffers due to errors in the satellite sig…
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Global Positioning System 1
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite based system that gives real time three dimensional (3D) latitude, longitude, a…
Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)
Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) is a global spatial system based on the Transverse Mercator projection. UTM divides the Earth …
Map projection coordinates
A map projection is a systematic representation of all or part of of the Earth on a two-dimensional surface, such as a flat sheet …
Datums and GIS
Having a standard accurate datum set becomes increasingly important as multiple layers of information about the same area are coll…
local geodetic datum
A local geodetic datum is used to approximate the size and shape of the Earths sea surface in a smaller area.…
geocentric datum
A geocentric datum is one which best approximates the size and shape of the Earth as a whole. The center of its spheroid coincides…
Types of geodetic datum
Based on these ideas, models can be established from which spatial position can be calculated. These models are known as geodetic …
Sea level and the composition of the Earth’s interior
The surface of the sea is not uniform. The Earths gravitational field shapes it. The rocks that make up the Earths interior vary i…
Flat Earth vs curved Earth
The flat Earth model is not appropriate when mapping larger areas. It does not take into account the curvature of the Earth. A cu…
