Afghanistan is located in Central Asia.It has been wrapped in violence from its earliest days.I am going to write briefly on the history of Afghanistan upto the time the Taliban take control of it.Historians wrote that Humans settled here from 1500 BC.Afghanistan was the first area of farming. Mesopotamia civilization and many other ones were found here from 1500 BCE to 50000 BCE.Aryans were the first to invade this region.They were settled here for long periods.Aryans created the city of Kabul.Rig Veda having collection of 1000 hymns,created here.Afghanistan is thought to be the origion of Hinduism.
Zoroastrianism religion was introduced here by Zoroaster.During 600AD to 652AD,some parts of Afghanistan was conquered by Darius of Persia.Many wars were fought between Persians and other tribes for the control of Afghanistan.During this period.Alexander invaded it.Many tribal wars were fought between the tribes like Yaftalee, Kushans, Parthian, White Huns and Aryan tribes for the control of region.
Now from 652 to 1774,Arabs introduces the religion of Islam here and Afghanistan becomes the centre of Islamic Civilization.Many battles were fought during this period.Chengez Khan invaded it,he turned the fertile soils into Deserts by destroying the irrigation system.Kandahar was controlled by Perisan,Afghans invaded it and Modern Afghanistan was established in 1774.Marco Polo also came here during this period.
During 1774 to 1921,the capital was shifted from Kandahar to Kabul because of tribal wars.There was contant internal fighting during these 147 years.First Anglo-Afghan War
were take place,the British tried their best to take control but failed.By taking Balouchistan British made Afghanistan a land-locked country.During Second Anglo-Afghan War,Brtish invaded some territories.Russia attacked Afghanistan and invaded some of the northern territories. Third Anglo-Afghan War was won by Afghans and Afghanistan again becomes an Independent state.
Tribes made Afghanistan unstable in order to take control of it.Many Leaders tried to unite them but all of them failed.The Afghan guerrilla group (Mujahideen) were formed to resist the government and was back up by Russia.Voilation of Human rights became common.Soveit Union Invaded Afghanistan,more than five million refugees flee to other countries like Pakistan and Iran.In 1990s.Taliban took control of Afghnaistan.Now USA controls the foreign affairs of Afghanistan.
Written by: Syed Jaffar Abbas
