In earth crust 26 % silicon is present. It only occur in combined form and do not occur in free state. In combined form, it exist in the form of sand, rocks, clay and soil. The atomic number is 14 and their atomic masses is 28. Silicon is prepared artificially by reacting different substances.

Silicon dioxide react with magnesium to form silicon. The other reaction for the preparation of silicon are that silicon dioxide reacts with carbon a very high temperature like 3000 degree to form silicon and carbon monoxide.

Silicon tetra chloride react with sodium to form silicon and sodium chloride but when silicon tetrachloride reacts with lead it from silicon and lead trio chloride. The physical properties of silicon are that it gives shiny grey color and its melting point is 1410 degree centigrade and boiling point is 2680 degrees centigrade.

The chemical properties of silicon are that it react with compound to form different product. Silicon react with potassium hydroxide in the presence of water to form potassium silicon dioxide and hydrogen gas is produced. When silicon react with oxygen to form silicon dioxide and when silicon react with fluorine at room temperature to form silicon tetra fluoride. Silicon react with water to form silicon dioxide and hydrogen gas is released.Silicon react with metal to form silica.

The compound of silicon are silicon dioxide, sodium silicate, silica gel. The uses of silicon are that it is used in making of semiconductors. It is used in making alloys and other metals. Silicon is used in silicon polymers that are used in paints, varnishes, polishes and lubricant.