There exist many terms in Psychology that explain this internal disorder, including stress, anxiety, tension and frustration.
“Freud " (1906) used the word "frustrane," a word probably formed from the German verb "frustrieren" (to frustrate), which was in everyday usage.
Any issue regarding to satisfaction of some perceived need creates frustration and leads to inner tension and anxiety.
Frustration is inevitable consequence of life, and it can become conditioned to any number of stimuli.
It is produced by interfering or blocking the motivated behavior of an organism.
Frustration and conflicts are important topics in psychology because;
Both are frequent in life and determine much of our behaviors.
They are directly involved in mental health and mental illness.
Nature of Frustration
Frustration can occur in both Humans and Lower Animals, but its potentiality is greater among Humans.
Frustration increases among humans living complex industrialized societies rather than those living in simple primitive societies.
Frustration is a common behavioral problem, as all living creatures have needs and motives to fulfill.
Sources of Frustration
Sources of frustration can be classified into following categories;
External Sources/ External Kinds
Internal Sources/ Personal Frustration
Motivational Conflicts/ Motivational Frustration.
External Sources
Sources that are not in the control of a human being or animals. They are directly related to the environmental and socioeconomic factors like,
Physical Prevention
Economic Inefficiency or Instability
Social Circumstances
Emotional Involvement
Internal Sources
Personal and Internal causes that hinder in the achievement of desired objectives.
Physical Characteristics
Deficiencies
Personal Characteristics
Feeling of Inferiority
Motivational Conflicts
Apart from Hindrance and Prevention, “Conflicts” are also identified as a source of frustration.
Conflicts may be minor and resolved only with considerable difficulty and under substantial stress.
Conflicts can be classified into
Approach-Approach Conflict
Approach-Avoidance Conflict
Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict
Double Approach-Avoidance Conflict
Approach-Approach conflict
Two similar things in a same situation and one have to choose the one on them.
. Such goals are said to result in ambivalence, or feelings of attraction as well as repulsion.
Approach avoidance conflict
Conflicted situation occurs when we find both attractive and unattractive at the same time.
it’s too difficult to decide, you don’t go for any thing as both are unattractive and both have the negative valance.
Double Approach- Avoidance conflict
Two mutually exclusive goals are present, each with negative and positive valences
Withdrawal may be either an appropriate response to realistic danger or an over generalized to people.
Simple overt avoidance is frequently the most obvious and the most available mean of handling threats and conflicts
Day Dreaming
To create fantasies or daydreams as a temporary escape from frustration of reality.
Nomadism
Shifting of work place, residence, attitudes and continually moving from one place to another, without any visible gain.
Repression
Repress the memory of an embarrassing incident or forget to perform some unpleasant activity.
Regression
Adoption of childish behavior when frustrated: annoyance, temper, tantrums, over-dependency
Aggression is a harmful activity or damaging attack upon other people or things.
It is a frequently observed response, and is inevitable consequence of frustration.
Aggression can be expressed passively, in action or un-cooperative attitude
Displaced Aggression
Throw your aggression
on some objects rather
than one actually
causing the feeling.
Scapegoating
Provide us a way out if the original source of frustration is not within our reach or too strong to attack.
Self Aggression
Self aggression is a source of hostility toward oneself.
Extreme of self aggression is Suicide.
Free Floating Aggression
Person develop a chronic reaction pattern of anger.
Rather than being displaced onto particular scapegoat become generalized or free- floating
Lowering your ambitions or accepting symbolic and substitute goals.
Frustration sometimes, cannot be reduced by either aggressive or withdrawal reaction but only by some sort of compromises.
Types of Compromise Reactions
Compensation and over compensation reaction.
Rationalization
Reaction Formation
Sublimation
Identification
Insulation
Intellectualization
Projection
Compensation Reaction
Over Compensation Reaction
Over emphasizing yourself
Rationalization
Reduction of tension by accounting for the behavior with socially approved reasons, rather than real reasons.
Reaction Formation
Reacting in way that is direct opposite of what we are feeling.
Sublimation
Needs that cannot be satisfied directly may be sublimated into an accepted outlet of expression.
Identification
Individual takes on the characteristics, he desire from the other person
Insulation
To maintain a “psychological distance” to flee from our problems.
Intellectualization
The person tries to remain untouched
emotionally by some threatening event
Projection
Coping with ones unwanted
motives by shifting them
to someone else
Frustration refers to circumstances that result in the failure of needs or motive to be satisfied.
When we experience frustration, we must either give up the goals or find another way to attain it.
Frustration can occur due to external or internal sources or motivational conflicts.
Defense mechanism can be roughly classified in three fundamental types;
Withdrawal Reaction.
Overt / Aggressive Reaction.
Compromise Reaction.
Frustation and their reaction
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