The cause of the current climate, typical of global warming has been confirmed is mainly due to human activities
Since the pre-industrial era (about 1750), humans have used more energy, mostly from fossil fuel sources (coal, oil, gas), which was released into the atmosphere increasing the gas causing the greenhouse effect of the atmosphere, leading to an increase in temperature of the earth.
Data on the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is determined from ice cores drilled in Greenland and Antarctica show that, during glacial cycles and de-icing (about 18,000 years ago), the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere the book is only about 180 -200ppm (parts per million), meaning that only about 70% compared with pre-industrial period (280ppm). From about the year 1800, CO2 levels began to rise, exceeded 300ppm and 379ppm reached in 2005, meaning an increase of 31% compared to pre-industrial era, beyond the natural level of CO2 in the range of 650 thousand years.
Concentrations of greenhouse gases such as methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) also increased respectively from 715ppb (parts per billion) and 270ppb in the pre-industrial era to 1774ppb (151%) and 319ppb (17%) in 2005 Private chlorofluoro carbon gases (CFCs) are both greenhouse gases with potential global warming many times larger than CO2, just as physical destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer, only in the atmosphere due to human who produced after cooling industry, cosmetics development.
Scientific assessments of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) shows that the energy consumption due to combustion of fossil fuels in the energy production sector, industry, transportation, construction ... contribute about half (46%) to the global warming, tropical deforestation contributes about 18%, agricultural production is about 9% of manufacturing chemicals (CFC, HCFC) about 24%, the rest (3%) are from other activities.
From 1840 to 2004, total CO2 emissions of the rich countries account for 70% of global CO2 emissions, which in the United States and England average emissions per person of 1,100 tons, roughly 17 times in China, and 48 times in India.
In 2004, CO2 emissions in the United States are 6 billion tons, with approximately 20% of total global CO2 emissions. China is the largest emitter of 2 to 5 billion tonnes of CO2, followed by the Russian Federation 1.5 billion tons, 1.3 billion tons India, Japan 1.2 billion tons, 800 million tons in Germany, Canada 600 million tons, 580 million tons UK. The developing countries, total emissions of 12 billion tons of CO2, accounting for 42% of total global emissions than 7 billion tons in 1990 (29% of total global emissions), suggesting that the speed of CO2 emissions these countries increased rapidly in the last 15 years. A number of developing countries rely on it to ask the developing countries must also commit under the Climate Change Convention.
In 1990, Vietnam was 21.4 million tons of CO2 emissions. In 2004, 98.6 million tons of CO2 emissions, an increase of nearly 5 times, 1.2 tonnes per capita / year (world average of 4.5 tons / year, 12.4 tons Singapore, Malaysia 7, 5 ton, 4.2 ton Thailand, China 3.8 ton, 1.7 ton Indonesia, Philippines 1.0 ton, 0.2 ton Myanmar, Laos 0.2 tons).
Thus, the CO2 emissions in Vietnam has increased rapidly in the past 15 years, but still lower than the global average, and many countries in the region. Estimated total emissions of greenhouse gases Vietnam will reach 233.3 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent in 2020, up 93% over 1998.
However, it is worth noting that while rich countries account for only 15% of the world population, but their total emissions accounted for 45% of global emissions; countries and sub-Saharan Africa with 11% of the world population is only 2% of emissions, and the least developed countries to third world population only 7% of the total emissions of global emissions. That's something that developing countries raised about equality and human rights in negotiations on the Climate Convention and the Kyoto Protocol.
Therefore, a basic principle, first stated in the Convention of the United Nations Framework on Climate Change is: "The Parties should protect the climate system for the benefit of present and future generations then of humanity, on an equitable basis, in accordance with responsibilities and common but differentiated inside the developed countries must take the lead in combating climate change and the adverse effects thereof. "
Greenhouse gases and greenhouse effect
In the composition of Earth's atmosphere, nitrogen gas account for 78% of volume, 21% oxygen, the remaining 1% other gases such as argon, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, neon, helium, hydrogen, ozone, ... and steam. But only a very small percentage, this trace gases, especially CO2, CH4, NOx, and CFCs - a gas in the atmosphere only when cooling technology development, the role of gas crucial for life on Earth. First of all, it is because of the aforementioned gases absorb infrared radiation emitted by the earth, then, a portion of this radiation is the emission of such gases back to the ground, thereby limiting the amount of infrared radiation from escaping the earth's outer space and keep the ground from getting too cold, especially at night when there is no incoming solar radiation ground.
The above gas, excluding CFCs, have long existed in the atmosphere and is called the natural greenhouse gases. Without the natural greenhouse gases, our planet will be cooler than today approximately 33oC, ie earth's average temperature would be around 18oC. Effect keeps the Earth's surface warmer than the absence of greenhouse gases are called "greenhouse effect". In addition, the concentration of ozone gas into a thin layer in the stratosphere of the atmosphere absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the sun to the earth and through which protects life on earth.
Since pre-industrial times ago, at least 10,000 years, the concentration of greenhouse gases is little change, in which CO2 was never exceeded 300ppm. Only CO2 emissions from fossil fuel use has increased by an average annual rate of 6.4 billion tons of carbon (approximately 23.5 billion ton CO2) in 1990 to 7.2 billion tons carbon (approximately 45.9 billion tons of CO2) per year in the period from 2000 to 2005.
Other factors, including aerosols (dust, organic carbon, sulfate, nitrate ...) cause negative effects (cooling) the amount of stimulated emission is 0,5W total direct / indirect m2 and further reflection of clouds is 0,7W / m2; Land use change alters surface albedo, radiation generated Forced total is determined by 0,02W / m2; in contrast, the increase in tropospheric ozone production and emissions from the chemicals and changes in solar activity during the period from 1750 up to now been identified as creating a positive effect on the the total amount of stimulated emission respectively 0.35 and 0,12W / m2. Thus, the total impact of factors other than greenhouse gases, has created radiated sound forced. So, in fact, the increase in average global temperatures observed in recent years partly suppressed, in other words, the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations own artificial atmosphere makes global warming much more than what was observed, and it affirms the current climate change is due to human activities rather than natural processes.
Causes of sea level rise
Sea level rise as the water level of the global ocean, which does not include tides, storm surges ... Sea level rise at a particular location may be higher or lower than the global average because differences in ocean temperature and other factors. Sea level is measured through instrumentation court system set up at the oceanographic stations or satellite altimeter.
According to the fourth assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the warming of the climate system has been clearly demonstrated through observation data recorded an increase of temperature air and sea temperatures global average, the rapid melting of snow cover and ice, increases sea levels global average.
Rising sea levels consistent with a warming trend due to the contribution of the aqueous component is estimated globally including: thermal expansion of the oceans, mountain glaciers, ice Greenland and Antarctic ice the water reservoir on land.
The results of a recent study predicted that sea levels would be higher from 0.5 - 1.4 m at the end of the twenty-first century.
