INDIGENOUS, CULTURAL AND CROSS CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGIES The perspectives used to study the relationship between psychology and culture is indigenous, cultural and cross cultural perspectives. The difference in perspectives is the implications they use to study personality. For example personality tests develop for one culture will produce invalid results if applied to another culture. Cultural and indigenous psychologists use ethnographic methods while cross cultural psychologists apply a same test in all cultures equivalently with culture sensitive methods. Triands outlined some differences among these approaches and argued that using these approaches converging findings can produce valid results. Marsella emphasized that ethnosemantic methods produce excellent results. These methods include the elicitation of all personality terms in particular language and the organization by research participants of the terms into naturally occurring structures. The derivation of meanings of these structures and the linking of the terms to actual behaviors. Church and Lonner edited a special issue of cross cultural psychology which utilized the convergent point of view. They linked personality and culture by cultural and indigenous perspective and evolutionary psychology. Church provided a model of culture and personality that integrated these approaches, especially the trait and cultural psychological approach. This model explains that traits and cognitive consistency exists in all cultures but is less important in collectivistic than individualistic cultures. Situational determinants of behavior are also important universally and they are more in collectivistic cultures.