Language and Definitions

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There are three main functions/uses of language

*Informative

*Expressive

*Directive

- In logic and critical thinking we are primarily concern with informative language.

Informative Function and Logic

-Affirming or denying propositions, formulating or evaluating arguments

To make the information logical, we have to do

-Analysis with proving a point/conclusion -Languages are always loose, for better understanding you need to understand context.

* We should also distinguish between facts/reasons and personal beliefs/opinions, in an informative statement.

“Pakistan Cricket team is always hijacked by player/management politics. The recent tussle between Misbah and Hafeez is glaring example of player politics”

Language is too loose, you cannot assert what the writer wants to say; if you judge from grammer, therefore you have to understand the context, it is critical. 

Four Grammatical Forms

* Declarative
* Interrogative
* Imperative
* Exclamatory

The three principle functions of language can take any of the four grammatical form

Emotive Language, Neutral and Disputes

* A given sentence can serve several functions
* It can (in most cases it does) report feelings, while you give facts/information
* Therefore, careful and clever use of language can give you desire goal, while careless use of language can lead to misunderstanding and dispute

Harsh realities can be reported in gentle words because you may be dealings with emotions and beliefs of readers/listeners, so be logical and mindful;

 

-Janitors ---- maintenance workers
-Waiters ---- wait persons
-Careless --- not very careful
-

Some local hard words which can be said in soft and gentle manner???

EXAMPLE

-“A bad peace is even worse than war”
-“the most disadvantageous peace is better than the most just war”

 

PEACE is very important; value it. 


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