The India–Pakistan cricket rivalry is one of the most intense sports rivalriesin the world.[1][2] An India-Pakistan cricket match has been estimated to attract up to one billion viewers, according to TV ratings firms and various other reports.[3][4][5] The 2011 World Cup semifinal between the two teams attracted around 988 million television viewers.[6][7][8]
The arch-rival relations between the two nations, resulting from the extensive communal violence and conflict that marked the Partition of British India into India and Pakistan in 1947 and the subsequent Kashmir conflict, laid the foundations for the emergence of an intense sporting rivalry between the two nations who had erstwhile shared a common cricketing heritage. The first Test series between the two teams took place in 1951-52, when Pakistan toured India. India toured Pakistan for the first time in 1954-55. Between 1962 and 1977, no cricket was played between the two countries owing to two major wars in 1965 and 1971. The 1999 Kargil War and the 2008 Mumbai terrorist attackshave also interrupted cricketing ties between the two nations.
The growth of large expatriate populations from India and Pakistan across the world led to neutral states like the United Arab Emirates and Canada hosting several bilateral and multilateral ODI series involving the two teams. Players in both teams routinely face intense pressure to win, and are threatened by extreme reactions in defeat. Extreme fan reactions to defeats in key matches such as in the ICC Cricket World Cup have been recorded, with a limited degree of violence and public disturbances. At the same time, India-Pakistan cricket matches have also offered opportunities for cricket diplomacy as a means to improve relations between the two countries by allowing heads of state to exchange visits and cricket followers from either country to travel to the other to watch the matches.
Contents
[hide]
1History
2Head-to-head statistics2.1Overall
2.2Major World Level Tournaments Won
2.3Continental Tournaments Won
2.4Other Tournaments Won
3List of Test series
4List of ODI series4.1Bilateral series
4.2Series involving other teams
5Test records5.1Team
5.2Individual
6ODI records6.1Team
6.2Individual
7T20I records7.1Team
8Players who have played for both teams
9See also
10References
11External links
History[edit]
See also: Indo-Pakistani relations
The partition of British India in 1947 that led to the creation of an independent India and Pakistan was characterised by intense and bloody conflict between Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs that left one million people dead. An estimated ten million people migrated to the nation of their choice. The bloody legacy of the partition and the subsequent emergence of territorial disputes and wars being fought over them have all added to the growth of intense rivalries in field hockey, association football but especially in cricket, which had been developed during British colonial rule and is the most popular sport in both nations. Many of the players in the first post-independence teams of India and Pakistan had played together as team-mates in regional and local tournaments.
Pakistan became a permanent member of the International Cricket Council in 1948, and their tour of India was their first in Test cricket history. They lost the first Test in Delhi to India, but won the second Test in Lucknow, which led to an angry reaction from the home crowd against the Indian players. India clinched the Test series after winning the third Test inBombay, but the intense pressure affected the players of both teams to the point that they pursued mainly defensive tactics that led to drawn matches and whole series without a victor. When India toured Pakistan in 1955, thousands of Indian fans were granted visas to go to the Pakistani city of Lahore to watch the Test match. But both the 1955 series and Pakistan's tour of India in 1961 ended in a drawn series with no test yielding a winner or loser. Complaints about the fairness of umpires also became routine.
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 and subsequent Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 put a hold on India-Pakistan cricket that lasted till 1978, when India toured Pakistan and cricket resumed for a brief period. In the post-1971 period, politics became a direct factor in the holding of cricketing events. India has suspended cricketing ties with Pakistan several times following terrorist attacks or other hostilities. The resumption of cricketing ties in 1978 came with the emergence of heads of government in both India and Pakistan who were not directly connected with the 1971 war and coincided with their formal initiatives to normalize bilateral relations. Shortly after a period of belligerency during the Operation Brasstacks war games, Pakistani president Zia-ul-Haq was invited to watch the India-Pakistan test match being played in the Indian city of Jaipur. This form ofcricket diplomacy has occurred several times afterwards as well. Pakistan toured India in 1979, but an Indian tour of Pakistan in 1984 was cancelled mid-way due to the assassination of Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.
In the late 1980s and for most of the 1990s, India and Pakistan squared-off on neutral venues such as Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates and in Toronto, Canada, where large audiences of expatriates regularly watched them play. The series between the teams in Canada in the 1990s and early 2000s were officially known as the "Friendship Cup". Sharjah even though a neutral venue was considered as the "back yard of Pakistan" given the close proximity and the massive support the team generated.[9]
The rise of multinational competitions such as the Cricket World Cup, ICC World Twenty20 the Austral-Asia Cup and theAsia Cup led to more regular albeit briefer contests.
In 1999, immediately following Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee's historic visit to Pakistan, the Pakistani team toured India for Test matches and played in an ODI competition before the Kargil War again put bilateral relations in deep freeze. Prime Minister Vajpayee's peace initiative of 2003 led to India touring Pakistan after a gap of almost 15 years. Subsequent exchange tours were held in 2005 and 2006 before the 2008 Mumbai attacks led to the suspension of India's planned tour of Pakistan in 2009 and all future engagements in Pakistan. India was scheduled to begin the tour of Pakistan from 13 January to 19 February 2009, but was cancelled because of the tension existing between the two countries after the terrorist attacks in Mumbai.[10]
The rise of domestic terrorism led to Pakistan not hosting international cricket since the Sri Lankan team was attacked in 2009, and Pakistan was stripped of its co-host status for the ICC Cricket World Cup 2011. India and Pakistan qualified for the first semi-final in Chandigarh, India, and the Indian government invited the Pakistani Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani to watch the match along with his Indian counterpart, Dr. Manmohan Singh. Bilateral ties finally resumed when BCCI invited the Pakistan national team to tour India for 3 ODIs and 2 T20s in December 2012. The three ODIs were held in New Delhi, Kolkata and Chennai with Ahmedabad and Bangalore hosted two Twenty20 fixtures.[11]
In March 2013, 66 Kashmiri students studying at Swami Vivekanand Subharti University in Meerut, India were expelled and briefly threatened with sedition charges because they cheered for the Pakistani cricket team during a televised match against India at the Asia Cup.[12]
On 27 June 2014, Pakistan Cricket Board stated that an agreement to play 6 bilateral series has been signed with BCCIduring the ICC annual conference in Melbourne.[13] After lengthy negotiations, involving offers and counter-offers on the venues and scheduling of the first of these series in December 2015, the boards were unable to reach an agreement, and the BCCI did tour for a full series against Pakistan in the UAE, and communications petered out with no result.[14]
Head-to-head statistics[edit]
Overall[edit]
Test
ODI
T20
Matches played
59
127
7
Won by India
09
51
5
Won by Pakistan
12
72
1
Draw/Tie/No result
38
4
1
Notes:
† The 2007 ICC World Twenty20 match between the teams ended in a tie, but India was awarded the points as a result of a Bowl Out. The match result was officially recorded as a tie.
Results of Matches played in World Level Tournaments [15]
Tournament
India
Pakistan
Draw/Tie/No result
Cricket World Cup
6
0
0
World Twenty20
3
0
1
Champions Trophy
1
2
0
World Championship of Cricket
2
0
0
Results of Matches played in Continental Tournaments [15]
Tournament
India
Pakistan
Austral-Asia Cup
0
4
Asia Cup
6
5
Asian Test Championship
0
1
Asian Twenty20
1
0
Major World Level Tournaments Won[edit]
Tournament
India
Pakistan
Cricket World Cup
2
1
World Twenty20
1
1
Champions Trophy
2
0
Continental Tournaments Won[edit]
Tournament
India
Pakistan
Austral-Asia Cup
0
3
Asia Cup ODI
6
2
Asian Twenty20
1
0
Asian Test Championship
0
1
Other Tournaments Won[edit]
Tournament
India
Pakistan
Under-19 Cricket World Cup
3
2
MRF Nehru Cup - 1989
0
1
Tri- Series Australia
1
1
Silver Jubilee Independence Cup - 1998
3
1
Rothmans Cup
1
1
Coco Cola Cup
0
2
Singer World Series
1
1
Singer Cup
0
1
Sharjah Champions Trophy
0
1
Wills Cup
0
1
Kitply Cup
0
1
Pepsi Cup
0
1
Women's World Twenty20
0
0
Women's Asia Cup
5
0
List of Test series[edit]
Main article: List of Test cricket matches played between India and Pakistan
Series
Years
Host
First match
Tests
IND
PAK
Drawn/No Result
Winner
1
1952–53
India
16 October 1952
5
2
1
2
India
2
1954–55
Pakistan
1 January 1955
5
0
0
5
Drawn
3
1960–61
India
2 December 1960
5
0
0
5
Drawn
4
1978–79
Pakistan
16 October 1978
3
0
2
1
Pakistan
5
1979–80
India
21 November 1979
6
2
0
4
India
6
1982–83
Pakistan
10 December 1982
6
0
3
3
Pakistan
7
1983–84
India
14 September 1983
3
0
0
3
Drawn
8
1984–85
Pakistan
17 October 1984
2
0
0
2
Drawn
9
1986–87
India
3 February 1987
5
0
1
4
Pakistan
10
1989–90
Pakistan
15 November 1989
4
0
0
4
Drawn
11
1998–99
India
28 January 1999
2
1
1
0
Drawn
12
1998–99
India
20 February 1999
1
0
1
0
Pakistan
13
2003–04
Pakistan
28 March 2004
3
2
1
0
India
14
2004–05
India
8 March 2005
3
1
1
1
Drawn
15
2005–06
Pakistan
13 January 2006
3
0
1
2
Pakistan
16
2007–08
India
22 November 2007
3
1
0
2
India
Total
India: 9
Pakistan: 7
59
09
12
38
India: 4
Pakistan: 5
Draw: 7
List of ODI series[edit]
Main article: List of ODI cricket matches between India and Pakistan
Bilateral series[edit]
Series
Years
Host
First match
ODIs
IND
PAK
Tie/No Result
Winner
1
1978–79
Pakistan
1 October 1978
3
1
2
0
Pakistan
2
1982–83
Pakistan
3 December 1982
4
1
3
0
Pakistan
3
1983–84
India
10 September 1983
2
2
0
0
India
4
1984–85
Pakistan
12 October 1984
2
0
1
1
Pakistan
5
1986–87
India
27 January 1987
6
1
5
0
Pakistan
6
1989–90
Pakistan
16 December 1989
3
0
2
1
Pakistan
7
1996
Canada
16 September 1996
5
2
3
0
Pakistan
8
1997
Canada
13 September 1997
5
4
1
0
India
9
1997–98
Pakistan
28 September 1997
3
1
2
0
Pakistan
10
1998
Canada
12 September 1998
5
1
4
0
Pakistan
11
2003–04
Pakistan
13 March 2004
5
3
2
0
India
12
2004–05
India
13 November 2004
1
0
1
0
Pakistan
13
2004–05
India
2 April 2005
6
2
4
0
Pakistan
14
2005–06
Pakistan
6 February 2006
5
4
1
0
India
15
2005–06
UAE
18 April 2006
2
1
1
0
Drawn
16
2007–08
India
5 November 2007
5
3
2
0
India
17
2012–13
India
30 December 2012
3
1
2
0
Pakistan
Total
India: 6
Pakistan: 7
Canada: 3
UAE: 1
65
26
34
2
India: 5
Pakistan: 11
Draw: 1
Series involving other teams[edit]
The table contains details and results only of matches played between India and Pakistan in the respective series and not matches with other teams involved in the series.
style="text-align:center;"|
S. No.
Series/Tournament
Host
Other Teams
First Match
ODIs
IND
PAK
Tie/No Result
Series Winner
1
Prudential World Cup (1983)
England
Australia, England, New Zeland, Sri Lanka, West Indies, Zimbabwe
9 June 1983
0
0
0
0
India
2
Rothmans Four-Nations Cup 1984–85
UAE
Australia, England
22 March 1985
1
1
0
0
India
3
World Championship of Cricket 1984–85
Australia
Australia, England, New Zealand, Sri Lanka and West Indies
12 October 1984
2
2
0
0
India
4
Rothmans Sharjah Cup 1985–86
UAE
West Indies
17 November 1985
1
0
1
0
West Indies
5
Austral-Asia Cup 1986
UAE
Australia, New Zealand, Sri Lanka
18 April 1986
1
0
1
0
Pakistan
6
Champions Trophy 1986–87
UAE
Sri Lanka, West Indies
5 December 1986
1
0
1
0
West Indies
7
Sharjah Cup 1986–87
UAE
Australia, England
10 April 1987
1
0
1
0
England
8
Champions Trophy 1988–89
UAE
West Indies
19 October 1988
1
0
1
0
West Indies
10
Champions Trophy 1989–90
UAE
West Indies
15 October 1989
2
0
2
0
Pakistan
11
Nehru Cup) 1989–90
India
Australia, England, Sri Lanka, West Indies
28 October 1989
1
0
1
0
Pakistan
12
Austral-Asia Cup 1990
UAE
Australia, Bangladesh, New Zealand, Sri Lanka
27 April 1990
1
0
1
0
Pakistan
13
Wills Trophy 1991–92
UAE
West Indies
18 October 1991
3
1
2
0
Pakistan
14
Austral-Asia Cup 1994
UAE
Australia, New Zealand, Sri Lanka, UAE
15 April 1994
2
0
2
0
Pakistan
15
Singer World Series 1994
Sri Lanka
Australia, Sri Lanka
15 April 1994
1†
0
0
0
India
17
Singer Cup 1995–96
Singapore
Sri Lanka
5 April 1996
1
0
1
0
Pakistan
18
1996 Pepsi Sharjah Cup
UAE
South Africa
12 April 1996
2
1
1
0
South Africa
19
Pepsi Independence Cup 1997
India
New Zealand, Sri Lanka
21 May 1997
1
0
1
0
Sri Lanka
21
Champions Trophy 1997–98
UAE
England, West Indies
14 December 1997
1
0
1
0
England
22
Silver Jubilee Independence Cup 1997–98
Bangladesh
Bangladesh
11 January 1998
4
3
1
0
India
23
Pepsi Cup 1998–99
India
Sri Lanka
24 March 1999
3
0
3
0
Pakistan
24
Coca-Cola Cup 1998–99
UAE
England
8 April 1999
3
1
2
0
Pakistan
25
Carlton & United Series 1999-00
Australia
Australia
10 January 2000
4
1
3
0
Australia
26
Coca-Cola Cup 1999-00
UAE
South Africa
23 March 2000
2
1
1
0
Pakistan
28
Kitply Cup 2008
Bangladesh
Bangladesh
10 June 2008
2
1
1
0
Pakistan
†Match abandoned.
Test records[edit]
Team[edit]
Most runs in an innings
Runs
Team
Venue
Season
699-5
Pakistan
Gaddafi Stadium
1989/90
679-7 d
Pakistan
Gaddafi Stadium
2005/06
675-5 d
India
Multan Cricket Stadium
2003/04
674-6
Pakistan
Iqbal Stadium
1984/85
652
Pakistan
Iqbal Stadium
1982/83
Last updated: 27 November 2011[16]
Fewest runs in a completed innings
Runs
Team
Venue
Season
106
India
University Ground
1952/53
116
Pakistan
M. Chinnaswamy Stadium
1986/87
126
India
Feroz Shah Kotla
1979/80
145
India
M. Chinnaswamy Stadium
1986/87
India
National Stadium, Karachi
1954/55
Last updated: 27 November 2011[17]
Greatest win margins (by innings)
Margin
Winning team
Venue
Season
Innings and 131 runs
India
Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium
2003/04
Innings and 119 runs
Pakistan
Niaz Stadium
1982/83
Innings and 86 runs
Pakistan
National Stadium, Karachi
1982/83
Innings and 70 runs
India
Feroz Shah Kotla
1952/53
Innings and 52 runs
India
Multan Cricket Stadium
2003/04
Last updated: 27 November 2011[18]
Greatest win margins (by runs)
Margin
Teams
Venue
Season
341 runs
Pakistan
National Stadium, Karachi
2005/06
212 runs
India
Feroz Shah Kotla
1998/99
195 runs
India
Eden Gardens
2004/05
168 runs
Pakistan
M. Chinnaswamy Stadium
2004–05
131 runs
India
Wankhede Stadium
1979/80
Last updated: 27 November 2011[18]
Smallest victories
Pakistan – Pakistan beat India by 12 runs at MA Chidambaram Stadium, Chennai on 28–31 January 1999.
India – India beat Pakistan by 131 runs at Mumbai on 16–20 December 1979.
Most extras conceded in an innings
Pakistan – 76 extras at Bangalore on 8–12 December 2007.
India – 55 extras at Faisalabad on 23–28 November 1989.
Individual[edit]
Highest score in an innings
Virender Sehwag (India) – 309 at Multan Cricket Stadium, Multan, on 28 March 2004
Javed Miandad (Pakistan) – 280* at Niaz Stadium, Hyderabad (Pakistan) on 14 January 1983
Best bowling figures in an innings
Anil Kumble (India) – 10/74 at Feroz Shah Kotla, Delhi on 7 February 1999
Imran Khan (Pakistan) – 8/60 at National Stadium, Karachi on 27 December 1982
Best bowling figures in a match
Anil Kumble (India) – 14/149 at Feroz Shah Kotla, Delhi on 4–7 February 1999
Fazal Mahmood (Pakistan) – 12/94 at University Ground, Lucknow on 23–26 October 1952
Most runs conceded in an innings
Kapil Dev (India) – 220 runs at Faisalabad on 3 January 1983.
Saqlain Mushtaq (Pakistan) – 204 runs at Multan Cricket Stadium, Multan on 28 March – 1 April 2004.
Highest wicket taker in India vs Pakistan matches
Kapil Dev (India) – 99 wickets
Imran Khan (Pakistan) – 92 wickets
ODI records[edit]
Team[edit]
Highest innings totals
Score
Team
Venue
Date
356–9 (50 overs)
India
Dr. Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy ACA-VDCA Cricket Stadium, Visakhapatnam
5 April 2005
349–7 (50 overs)
India
National Stadium, Karachi
13 March 2004
344–8 (50 overs)
Pakistan
National Stadium, Karachi
13 March 2004
330–4 (47.5 overs)
India
Sher-e-Bangla Cricket Stadium
18 March 2012
330–8 (50 overs)
India
Sher-e-Bangla Cricket Stadium
10 June 2008
Source: Cricinfo.com. Last updated 18 March 2012.
Lowest innings score
Score
Team
Venue
Date
79 (34.2 overs)
India
Jinnah Stadium Sialkot
13 October 1978
87 (32.5 overs)
Pakistan
Sharjah Cricket Association Stadium
22 March 1985
112 (30.2 overs)
India
Gaddafi Stadium
22 December 1989
116 (45.0 overs)
Pakistan
Toronto Cricket, Skating and Curling Club
14 September 1997
125 (45.0 overs)
India
Sharjah Cricket Association Stadium
16 April 1999
Source: Cricinfo.com. Last updated 18 March 2012.
Individual[edit]
Most career runs
Runs
Player
Period
2,474 (66 innings)
Sachin Tendulkar
1989–2012
2,403 (64 innings)
Inzamam-ul-Haq
1992–2006
2,005 (55 innings)
Rahul Dravid
1996–2012
2,002 (48 innings)
Saeed Anwar
1989–2003
1,657 (59 innings)
Mohammad Azharuddin
1985–2000
Last updated: 3 January 2013[19]
Highest individual score
Runs
Player
Venue
Date
194
Saeed Anwar
M. A. Chidambaram Stadium
21 May 1997
183
Virat Kohli
Sher-e-Bangla Cricket Stadium
18 March 2012
148
Mahendra Singh Dhoni
ACA-VDCA Stadium
5 April 2005
143
Shoaib Malik
R. Premadasa Stadium
25 July 2004
141
Sachin Tendulkar
Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium
16 March 2004
Last updated: 18 March 2012[20]
Highest partnerships
India – 231 between Sachin Tendulkar & Navjot Singh Sidhu at Sharjah Cricket Association Stadium, on 15 April 1996
Pakistan – 230 between Saeed Anwar & Ijaz Ahmed at Bangabandhu National Stadium, Dhaka on 18 January 1998
Best bowling figures
Aaqib Javed (Pakistan) – 7/37 runs at Sharjah
Sourav Ganguly (India) – 5/16 at Toronto in 1997
Biggest victory margins
Pakistan – 159 run victory at Delhi on 17 April 2005
Pakistan – 303/8 (50.0 overs)
India – 144 (37 overs)
India – 140 run victory at Dhaka on 10 June 2008
India – 330/9 (50.0 overs)
Pakistan – 190 (35.4 overs)
Smallest victory margins
Pakistan – 4 runs at Sharjah on 23 October 1993
Pakistan – 257/8 (50.0 overs)
India – 253/7 (50.0 overs)
India – won because they lost fewer wickets after scores were tied, Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium, Hyderabad, India on 20 March 1987
India – 212/6 (44.0 overs maximum)
Pakistan – 212/7 (44.0 overs maximum)[21]
Most extras in one ODI
India – 41 extras at Punjab Cricket Association Stadium, Mohali on 8 November 2007
Pakistan – 31 extras at Toronto Cricket, Skating and Curling Club on 13 September
Most catches by an individual in an innings
India – 4 catches
Sunil Gavaskar at Sharjah on 22 March 1985
Mohammad Azharuddin at Toronto Cricket, Skating and Curling Club on 13 September 1997
Sachin Tendulkar at Dhaka on 11 January 1998
Pakistan – 4 catches
Younis Khan at Keenan Stadium, Jamshedpur on 9 April 2005
Most wickets in a career
Wickets
Player
Matches
Average
60
Wasim Akram
48
25.15
57
Saqlain Mushtaq
35
24.38
54
Anil Kumble
34
24.25
Aaqib Javed
39
24.64
Javagal Srinath
36
30.68
Last updated: 3 January 2013[22]
ODI matches summary (1978-2014)
Total 127 Matches – 51 won by India, 72 won by Pakistan, No Result 4
30 matches in India – 11 won by India, 19 won by Pakistan
27 matches in Pakistan – 11 won by India, 14 won by Pakistan, No Result 2
70 matches in other countries – 29 won by India, 39 won by Pakistan, No Result 2
T20I records[edit]
Team[edit]
Players who have played for both teams[edit]
After the partition in 1947, Pakistan emerged to play cricket. But India had already been playing cricket matches pre-independence. Three players have played for Pakistan after appearing for India. They are:
Amir Elahi – India (one test vs. Australia at Sydney in 1947), Pakistan (1952–53)
Gul Mohammad – India (1946–55), Pakistan (one test vs. Australia at Karachi in 1956)
Abdul Hafeez Kardar – India (1946–48), Pakistan (1948–58)
Although Pakistan was created in 1947, Gul Mohammad continued to represent India until 1955, and played for India against Pakistan in Pakistan's first tour of India in 1951-52.
