Mary Whiton Calkins

(1863-1930)

She was born in 1863 oldest daughter of a family with five children, her parents helped and supported in his training, she decided not to marry and pursue science. He studied at Smith College, graduating in philosophy and specializing in experimental psychology. She made the opening of one of the first psychological laboratories in the United States at Wellesley College in 1891.

She began his doctoral thesis under the direction of Hugo Münsterberg at Harvard University, defending his thesis on word learning partner in 1895, with which he won a unanimous vote in which he stated that he had met all the requirements for a Ph.D. However, the university file this recommendation and was not considered, not granting him the doctor title.

Among his contributions we can highlight the invention pareo-association, psychological theory called "knowledge of self", the technique to study memory and research on dreams. It was the first president of the American Psychological Association in 1905 and the American Philosophical Association in 1918 and held various publications (four books and over a hundred articles).

She worked the rest of his life as a professor at Wellesley Colleg, an institution that allowed the girls to have experimental training, until her retirement in 1927. This institution denounced the injustices of their time on the differentiation of social roles of men and women and gender differences in education.

She got two honorary degrees, a Ph.D. in Literature from Columbia University and another in Laws of Smith College. However, she never received a doctorate degree in psychology from Harward