The 2 convicted by the ICTR were found to be part of a “joint criminal enterprise” to destroy the Tutsi population of Rwanda, and consequently “liable not only for their own criminal acts and omissions, but also for those committed by others within the common purpose of the enterprise.” (UN News Center). See Film Report: - “Rwanda Genocide Remembered” - diplomaticallyincorrect.org/films/movie/rwanda-genocide-remembered-april-5-sarajevo-siege-begins/26034. Joint Criminal Enterprise Included Extermination to Rape: Édouard Karemera and Matthieu Ngirumpatse,(Bottom Photo), both senior members of the ruling party in Rwanda during the genocide, were found guilty of genocide, direct and public incitement to commit genocide, extermination as a crime against humanity, rape and sexual assault as crimes against humanity, and killings as causing violence to health and physical or mental well-being. They were also found to bear extended liability for the widespread rapes and sexual assaults of Tutsi women and girls, which were a foreseeable consequence of their joint criminal enterprise. (Read: -“ Women as Targets Rather than Spoils of War”- diplomaticallyincorrect.org/films/blog_post/women-as-targets-rather-than-spoils-of-war-icc-rome-statute-takes-aim-by-ambassador-mo/16948). Ngirumpatse was the chairman of Rwanda’s then-ruling National Revolutionary Movement for Development (known by its French acronym, MRND) party while Mr. Karemera was his deputy at the time. Read: -“Rwanda Genocide Trial for Pastor” - diplomaticallyincorrect.org/films/blog_post/rwanda-genocide-trial-for-pastor-by-ambassador-mo/43004 In a news release issued by the ICTR International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda), it described the crimes, committed between April and July 1994, as being “of the utmost gravity” and found the accused responsible for the crimes carried out by the Interahamwe militia unit members in the cities of Kigali and Gisenyi. These include the crimes committed by Colonel Théoneste Bagosora, who has also been sentenced to life imprisonment. The tribunal also ruled that Mr. Karemera, who was also interior minister in the interim government in 1994, bears superior responsibility for the criminal activities of the civilians who participated in the civil defence programme, and local officials who were part of the territorial administration during the genocide. Read:-“Guilty of Genocide former Rwanda Mayor” - diplomaticallyincorrect.org/films/blog_post/guilty-of-genocide-former-rwanda-mayor-. Comparing Record of “Sister” ex-Yugoslav and Rwanda International Tribunals: The ICTR was established after the successful start of the ICTY (International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia) and effectively as sister institution with same Prosecutor for some time leading cases before each Tribunal, in Arusha, Tanzania and The Hague respectively. It is perhaps noteworthy that the life sentences in these two cases before the Rwanda Tribunal stand-out in their severity. Many victims in Bosnia & Herzegovina have voiced their dismay at what they perceive as relatively lighter sentences handed out for the same crimes committed by Serbian military and paramilitary. (See Film Report: “Rape as War Campaign” - diplomaticallyincorrect.org/films/movie/rape-as-war-campaign/27584 By Ambassador Muhamed Sacirbey Facebook – Become a Fan at “Diplomatically Incorrect” Twitter – Follow us at DiplomaticallyX “War Crimes Justice” Channel – diplomaticallyincorrect.org/c/war-crimes-justice