The earliest people about whom we know something lived in the sub continent of indo Pakistan in the valley of river Indus 4000 to 9000 years ago. They devolved a civilized life like the Egyptians and the Sumerians.

                                            

These people in the Indus valley for about 1000 years and then their cities were either destroyed by enemies or by floods. Their lay buried under the sand and silt/mud, unknown by us. In 1920 engineers were digging in the valley and  by chance they came upon the traces of the buried cities. Then archaeologists set to work. They uncovered the ruins of the city very carefully. Thus we came to know much about the life of these people living in olden times in the Indus valley.

                                                                   

           One of the cities thus discovered is known as the “Mohenjo-Daro” meaning the Mound of the Dead. The city had brick houses with lavatories, bathrooms and central gardens. 2 or 3 storey building with staircases were also there. A high wall surrounded the city for defending against enemy or flood. There were public baths, market places granaries to store wheat and barley. 

                                                         

A large no of stamps have also been found in Monjodaro. These have writing which have not yet been read by modern man.

                                                 

The ancient people of Indus valley kept domestic animals like cows, hens, buffaloes, sheeps and goats. They  grew crops and have carts with wheels. They made made toys and tools of bronze, cupper other metals and clay.