Picture sample description blue LED (Photo: Washingtonpost)

STOCKHOLM - Isamu Akasaki Hiroshi Amano and Shuji Nakamura was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2014 thanks to his efforts in giving birth light emiting diode (LED) blue.

Scientificamerican launched on Friday (10/10/2014), the LED color has 2 important reasons why they are so useful. First, the blue light sector has its own application and to-2, the blue LED is the main component of white light that gave birth to white LEDs. White LEDs are used in computer monitors and telephone.

Step LED work involves two sides of a semiconductor material that is combined together. The semiconductor material that does not conduct electricity well, but have the flexibility.

The nature of belonging flexibility is useful for actors semiconductor technology. For example, semiconductor silicon type when combined with different elements so it would change its nature in conduct electricity.

There are two types of semiconductors, n-type and p-type. To produce n-type, electron elements that need to be added very much at all. Excess electron impact these semiconductors conduct electricity well added.

P-type semiconductors have a reverse character. Steps to make the chemical element that has raised the deficit of electrons compared to the surrounding semiconductor. However, the interesting time n-type and p-type pinned together.

When electrical power is applied to the semiconductor and n-type gives electrons to the p-type, so it seems a small flash of light.

Set the color of the beam-type semiconductor. Silicon, not so good in the light produced. LEDs are coming from silicon will produce infrared light, does not appear to the human eye. However, infrared LEDs used in TV remote.

Although the red and green LEDs have been around since the early 1960 start, differ with blue LEDs. First seen in the market in 1989 and is made of silicon carbide. However, these materials such as silicon, is known to be ineffective.

2014 Physics Nobel Prize winners have discovered steps to make gallium nitride blue LEDs. It's just, more difficult to produce clear light made ​​it.

Difficult because it is difficult to make crystal gallium nitride has a high quality. Usually, the easiest step to make crystals of the same composition. However, the arrangement of atoms of gallium nitride complex makes it challenging.

Up, to make blue LEDs required much more complex arrangement of matter, notwithstanding the necessary time to make a rigid p-type and n-type. With the way the theory could be engineered so the blue LED in green, yellow or orange through a step width make different quantum composition.

Because the role of the 2014 Physics Nobel Prize winners so the blue LED is now there. Example applications that Blu-ray players. Blue light has a shorter wavelength, is very likely to storage gap Blu-ray discs are smaller and closer than the DVD, which is made by a red LED.

However, the biggest role is the ability to bring the blue LEDs and white LEDs. White light is actually a combination of the colors of the rainbow. However, the human eye can only capture three colors: red, green and blue.

Until, white light can be generated by only wearing the three colors. Integrating LEDs with blue green white light would make an effective, provide about 20 times more light than an incandescent bulb when common.

The white LED has a major role in the creation of back-light for computer monitors and smartphones to smartphones may grow very fast as it is today. The development of blue LEDs require several hundred hours of trial and error in the laboratory through the steps to do the same procedure under different circumstances. Finally, technology that currently exists and which is also helpful for the people in all the world.